bher-3

    bher-3

    English meaning: to scrape, cut, etc.

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “with einem scharfen Werkzeug bearbeiten, ritzen, schneiden, reiben, spalten”

    Material: O.Ind. (gramm.) bhr̥nüti (?) “injures, hurts, disables” = Pers. burrad “cuts, slices”; Av. tiži-büra- “with with sharp edge “ (= Arm. bir, compare also Alb. boríg(ë); perhaps here O.Ind. bhárvati “chews, consumes” (Av. baoirya- “what must be chewed”, baourva- “chewing”) from *bharati is transfigured through influence of O.Ind. cárvati “chews up”. Arm. beran “mouth” (originally “cleft, fissure, orifice “), -bir- “ digging up “ in getna-, erkra-, hoɫa-bir “ digging up the ground, ransacking “ (*bhēro-), in addition brem (*birem) “ digs out, hollows out, drills out “, br-ič̣ “hack, mattock, hoe”; bah, gen. -i ‘spade” (*bhr̥-ti-, perhaps *bhorti- = Russ. bortь), bor, gen. -oy ‘scurf”. Gk. *φάρω ‘split, cut up, divide” (φάρσαιv σχίσαι EM), φαρόω “plow” = O.H.G. borōn), φάρος n. “plough, plow (?)”, m. = φάρυγξ (*bheros), ἄφαρος “ plowed up “, φάραγξ “ cliff with gaps, gorge, ravine, gulch” (in addition rom. barranca “gorge, ravine, gulch”, M.-L. 693a), jon. φάρσος n. “ ragged piece, deal, portion”; here perhaps φάσκος m. “moss villus” as *φαρσ-κος. A k-extension in φαρκίς “wrinkle”, φορκός “wrinkly” Hes. Perhaps here (IJ. 13, 157 n. 100) mak. βίρροξ δασύ (compare βιρρωθῆναι ταπεινωθῆναι Hes.), basic meaning “wool villus “, Gk. Lesb. Thess. βερρόν δασύ, Dor. βειρόν ds., βερβέριον “ shabby dress “, Lat. burra f. “ straggly garment “, respectively “wool”, reburrus “ wool with bristling hair “. Alb. bie (2. pl. birni, Imp. bierɛ) “ knocks, hits, plays an instrument; whether (hit there) “. Alb. brimë “hole” (*bhr̥-mü), birë ds. (*bherü), Gheg brêj, Tosc brënj “ gnaw, argue “; britmë ‘september and October” (if eig. “harvest, autumn”, due to *bhr̥-ti- “ the reaping “); bresë “bitter root, chicory” (“bitter” = “incisive”; -së from -ti̯ü, boríg(ë)) ‘splinter, chip” (*bhērm. form. -igë). Maybe Alb. mbresë “print, shock” [common Alb. b- > mb- shift] Lat. feriō, -īre “ to strike, knock, smite, hit; esp. to strike dead, slay, kill; colloq., to cheat “ (see also WH. 1481 to ferentürius “ a light-armed soldier, skirmisher “). About forma “ form, figure “ s. WH. I 530 f. forō, -üre “ to bore, pierce “ (meaning as O.H.G. borōn, but in ablaut different; denominative of *bhorü “ the drilling “), forümen “ hole, opening, aperture “; forus, -ī “ the gangway of a ship; a block of seats in the theater; plur., tiers of cells in a beehive “; but forum (aLat. also forus) “ an open square, marketplace “ not as “ space surrounded by planks “ here (Umbr. furo, furu “forum”); see under dhu̯er-. M.Ir. bern, berna f. “cleft, gap, slit”, bernach “cleft”; probably also M.Ir. bairenn “cliff piece “ (in addition bairnech “ mussel plate “); O.Ir. barae, M.Ir. bara (dat. barainn) “rage, fury”, bairnech “angry, irate”, Welsh bar, baran “rage, fury”. O.Ice. berja (preterit barða) “hit, bump, poke”, berjask “fight”, bardage “battle”, O.H.G. berjan, M.H.G. berjen, bern “hit, knock, knead”, O.E. bered “ low-spirited” (Gmc.*ƀarjan = Slav. borjǫ), O.Fris. ber “attack”; M.H.G. bü̆ r f. “balk, beam, bar, gate, barrier, enclosed land” (: Lat. forus, -um), Eng. bar “bar, gate, barrier”, O.Ice. berlings-üss “balk, beam”; Gmc. is probably (different Wartburg I 260) also M.H.G. barre “balk, beam, bar, bolt” and rom. family of Fr. barre, barrière etc (-rr- from -rz-); *ƀaru-ha, -ga- “castrated pig” (perhaps with Slav. *borv-ъ based on *bhoru-s “castrated animal” and ending in -ha-: -ga- after *farha- “ pork, pig “ extended) in: O.H.G. barug, barh, Ger. Barg, Barch (Borg, Borch); Maybe Alb. bariu ‘shepherd, herdsman (of pigs?)” phonetically equal to Ltv. baṙu, bãru, bãrt ‘scold, chide” (see below) not a truncated Gk. βώτωρ “herdsman, shepherd”. O.E. bearg, bearh, Eng. barrow, O.Ice. -bǫrgr “a castrated boar” (in addition also O.Ice. valbassi “wild boar” as *barh-s-an? s. Falk-Тоrp under basse N.); O.H.G. O.S. borōn, O.E. borian, O.Ice. bora, -aða “bore” (see above); O.H.G. bora “borer”, O.E. bor, byres ds.; O.Ice. bora “hole” (auga-, eyra-bora). Lith. bãras, Ltv. bars “ grain swath, strip of cut grain “; Lith. barù (and bariù), bárti ‘scold, chide, vilify”, refl. “ be quarrelsome”, Ltv. baṙu, bãru, bãrt ‘scold, chide” (== sl. borjǫ); Maybe Alb. (*bárti) bërtas ‘scold, yell, scream”, mbaroj, “extinguish, finish, end, make ashamed”, Alb.Gheg (*bar-) mbare , marre ‘shame, sth to be scolded”, [common Alb. b- > mb- shift]. Lith. barnìs (acc. bar̃nį) “quarrel” (=O.C.S. branь); Lith. burnà “mouth” = Bulg. bъ́rna “lip” (basic form *bhornü, compare above Ir. bern and to meaning Arm. beran). Here with Balt forms ž: Ltv. ber̂zt “rub, scour, rub, clean”, intrans. birzt “ crumb, spall, crumble “, bìrze “ sowing furrow “, Lith. biržì s f. “ field furrow “. With of a basic meaning “notch”: Lith. bùrtai pl. “lot, fate, charm, spell” = Ltv. burts “mark, token, sign the magician, alphabetic letter”, Lith. bùrti “conjure, perform magic”, Ltv. bur̃t “conjure, perform magic”, bur̃tains “ perform wood-carving notch “; Gk. φάρμακον “remedy, magical cure, magic potion; philtre “ (probably not IE) has nothing to do with it. O.C.S. borjǫ, brati “fight” (frequent reflexive), Russ. borjú, borótь ‘subjugate, prostrate”, refl. “fight”, Pol. dial. bróć sie ̨ “wrestle, struggle”; O.C.S. branь “fight, struggle”, aRuss. boronь “fight, struggle”, Russ. bóronь “forbid”, Cz. braň “weapon, armament, armor” under likewise, Russ. za-bór “fence, plank fence “; maybe Alb. (*broń) mbronj “defend”, mburojë ‘shield, armour” : Pol. brońić “defend” [common Alb. b- > mb- shift] (as Lat. forus on the concept “board” rejecting: compare Russ. alt. zaborolo “wooden town wall, scaffold, trestle”, Cz. zábradlo “handrail, parapet” under likewise); Russ. boroná “harrow”, and with Slav. -zda-forms Slav. *borzda in O.C.S. brazda, Russ. borozdá “furrow”; maybe Alb. brazda “furrow” a Slavic loanword. Russ. bórov “ hog, castrated boar, (dial.) boar, castrated bull “, Ser.-Cr. brâv “ sheep, cattle “, dial. “castrated pig”, slovak. brav “castrated pig”, Pol. dial. browek “ fattened boar, porker “ (see above Gmc. *ƀaruha-); *bъrtъ “drilling, cavity” (*bhorti-) in Russ. bortь “ the hollow of the tree in what bees have nested “ etc.

    References: WP. II 159 f., WH. I 481 f., 537, 865, 866, Trautmann 27, Mũhlenbach- Endzelin 354.

    See also: compare the related root forms bheredh-, bhrēi- (bhrēig-, -k-, see there also about bherĝ-), bhreu-, bhreu-q-, -k̂- “cut, clip”, bhreus- “break, rupture”, bherug- “gullet”.